Bio & CV

Dr. Kelly Snook is a music producer, music technologist, and data sonification researcher working at the intersection of the arts, science, and technology.
She spent two decades as a NASA Research Scientist before turning her attention to music and technology full-time, moving to England to join visionary Imogen Heap as her studio manager and musical assistant. Together with Imogen and a small team, she co-created the mi.mu gloves, a powerful and flexible new gestural interface, allowing musicians to control music and visuals though movement.
She is creating a new musical platform called Concordia that explores harmony in the solar system based on the work of Johannes Kepler through interactive audiovisual immersive environments.
She owns and operates her own recording studio, It’s Not Rocket Science Studios, focusing on devotional music production. Her latest production is an album with Luke Slott called Home of Light.
Entrepreneurial Fellow
Edmund Hillary Fellowship (EHF)
Dec 2019 - Present
New Zealand
The Edmund Hillary Fellowship (EHF) is a Fellowship and community that provides exceptional entrepreneurs, investors and startup teams with a platform to incubate solutions to global problems from Aotearoa New Zealand, and make a lasting positive impact on the world.
Founder
Kepler Concordia
Sep 2017 - Present
Lake Oswego, Oregon, United States
Kepler Concordia is an immersive experience for the musical exploration of realities, allowing people to play the universe as a musical instrument. Inspired by the work of Johannes Kepler and the Medieval practice of using music as a scientific tool, it employs the latest data and the most cutting edge technologies available today to enable us to experience the universe in a new way. Concordia is both a musical instrument and a scientific instrument, removing artificial boundaries between science and art, between games and education, translating information into profound visceral experience. Concordia is powered by distributed ledger technology on blockchains and the Interplanetary File System, employing the latest decentralisation technologies and governance systems to create an entirely new kind of creative economy.
Professor of Media Arts Technology
University of Brighton
Jan 2016 - Present
Brighton, United Kingdom
My primary research project has as its goal a celebration of the 400th anniversary of Kepler’s Harmony of the World (to be launched 2018-2019) through the creation of a scientifically-accurate musical instrument that allows people to play the solar system like a musical instrument. Immersed in a 3D audiovisual representation of our solar system, players will explore and experience the complex harmonic relationships in the movements of our solar system, controlling time and space with their gesture. Launch date: 2019
Additionally, I am creating in the College of Arts and Humanities an interdisciplinary Fab Lab network as an engine for innovation, creativity, and idea development /prototyping across the four new Schools within the College. These centres of making, hacking, and collaborating will also serve as points of connection with the local community to facilitate exchange of ideas and inspiration. Primary focus is on intersections of art, technology, science, and community /new business development.
Co-Director
Mi.Mu
Aug 2010 - Present
London, United Kingdom
As an original founding member of a small team of dedicated and multi-talented engineers, artists, and designers, my roles have ranged from assisting with the overall systems engineering and management; building and managing the glove team; liaising closely with glove users to translate gestural music ideas into hardware and software implementations; early prototyping of the glove user interface in Max MSP; assembling the glove hardware; presenting and promoting the gloves at conferences, expositions, and educational institutions; finding new ways of using the gloves at music hack events; and testing new designs. I recently completed a world tour with Ariana Grande as her mi.mu Glove Specialist.
Owner / Producer / Engineer
it's Not Rocket Science Studios
Jan 2001 - Present
Houston, Washington DC, London
Music production, audio engineering (studio and live sound), performance, composition, arranging, orchestrating, editing, mixing, and a bit of mastering. My most recently released studio productions are Luke Slott’s Year of the Nightingale, Gate of Heaven, and Home of Light albums as well as recent releases by Ramine Yazhari, Danny Stevenson, and Kelsey Bulkin. Artists/bands with whom I’ve worked in some capacity include Imogen Heap, Ariana Grande, Devon Gundry, MJ Cyr, Katharine Key, Adam Crossley, Chelsea Beauchamp, The Secret Buttons, Caeli Lohr, Andy Sperandeo, the Bosch Bluegrass Band, the Last Place You Look. I sometimes do live sound for events and venues. Scoring work includes The Bad News Bearers by Sprezzatura Productions and various commercial projects.
Mi.mu Glove Specialist
Ariana Grande Tour
Feb 2015 - Oct 2015
Gloves system tech (hardware and software). Together with colleagues from mi.mu, MIT, and Shure, built and maintained mi.mu glove system including gloves, computer hardware, standard and custom software, communications, networking, and outboard music gear. I work directly with the artist to create new modes of expression and to arrange songs for the gloves, programming glove and music software to map gestures and postures to music. The position regularly exercises skills in music, music technology, audio engineering, electronics, making, problem-solving, programming, and teaching; it requires a high degree of independence, motivation, and creativity.
Coordinator of General Services
Baha'i National Center UK
2013 - Feb 2015
Bahaí National Centre, London, UK
Managed a small staff and managed building maintenance for the National Baha’i Centre.
Instructor
Codasign
May 2013 - Dec 2014
London, United Kingdom
Led workshops, designed demonstrations, and taught private tuition for children ages 7-14 in computer and music technology (Scratch programming, Makey-Makey, and other creative technologies).
Director, Arts Technology Consultant
Anti-Alias Labs
Jun 2012 - Feb 2014
London, United Kingdom
Digital media and technology consulting with a focus on music technology and specific solutions for integrating new technologies, instruments, and interfaces into music performance. http://www.antialiaslabs.com
Music and Technology Assistant
Imogen Heap (Megaphonic)
Apr 2010 - Jun 2013
London, United Kingdom
Served as Imogen Heap’s assistant in musical and technology development projects. Duties included managing Imogen’s studio and glove technology; assisting in the design and development of new musical instruments such as The Gloves and generative music apps; mixing and mastering smaller projects; maintaining and preparing Pro Tools sessions, studio software, studio equipment, and instruments for recording/mixing; setting up portable studios internationally; live sound sampling (mono and binaural); live webcast setup and broadcast; compiling and mixing making-of audio commentaries accompanying releases; managing small teams of people working on technical projects; and other duties as assigned such as performing or standing in during rehearsals (voice, piano) when needed; orchestration; mastering; live sound mixing
Research Scientist
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Nov 2009 - Feb 2011
Greenbelt, MD
NASA Fab Lab Founder (2010)
Responsible for launching and maintaining a NASA Fab Lab as part of the Fab Academy originally established at the MIT Media Lab.
NASA Innovation Ambassador (2008-2009)
MIT Media Lab – Visiting Scientist tasked with studying innovation at MIT Media Lab and infusing it back into NASA culture.
Scientific Visualization Specialist (2010-2011)
Responsible for helping establish a new Interactive Data Analysis and Display Center at NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center. Duties included 1) identifying NASA datasets for sonification that leverage new media technologies, 2) writing major proposal to establish new paradigms for auditory display of data, 3) actively contributing to the young scientific and technical auditory display community, 4) leading workshops and organizing conferences on multimodal data analysis, 5) augmenting existing NASA data distribution systems with multimodal display capability
Visiting Research Scientist (NASA Innovation Ambassador)
MIT Media Lab
Nov 2008 - Nov 2009
Cambridge, MA
Focus of study included data sonification, digital fabrication and making, music technology, music and neuroscience, electronics design, large-scale art installation design, and music robotics.
Lunar Program Scientist
NASA
Feb 2007 - Sep 2009
NASA Headquarters
Responsible for ensuring highest quality lunar research. Managed five research science programs: 1) Lunar Sortie Science Opportunity; 2) Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Participating Scientists; 3) Moon and Mars Analog Missions Activity; 4) NASA Lunar Science Institute; and 5) Human Tended Suborbital Flight. Created new programs when necessary for achieving NASA’s strategic goals. Wrote and distributed calls for proposals, managed and led scientific peer review panels, formulated program plans, communicated with science community members, recommended proposals for funding, managed program funds, fed results into appropriate channels within NASA headquarters. Utilized skills in oral and written communication, coordination, multidisciplinary and systems problem-solving, fiscal management, creativity, and strategic thinking.
Co-Chair, Optimizing Science and Exploration Working Group (OSEWG)
Responsible to the Science Mission Directorate and Exploration Systems Mission Directorate for optimizing science within the exploration architecture. Organized and led regular interdisciplinary meetings between scientists, engineers, and managers to ensure science goals are reflected in architecture plans. Defined architecture requirements to enable science, represented science interests in major national, international, and agency planning activities. Interfaced with surface systems engineers and planning teams (habitats, rovers, space suits, communications and navigation systems). Led the Science Mission Directorate’s Analog Missions activities and worked closely with ESMD counterpart to integrate science, space technology, and crew training in field tests and on the International Space Station. Field analog science operations experience includes field geology, sample collection, processing, and curation, geologic traverse planning, science communications, and mission operations. Prior to OSEWG, served as co-chair of the Lunar Architecture Team Phase 2 Science Focus Element.
Astrophysicist, AST
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Nov 2005 - Feb 2007
Greenbelt, MD
Research Scientist, project scientist. Resumed original research in Ph.D. field of computational radiative transfer analysis of suspended dust on planetary surfaces.
Assisted in planning and documentation of the Lunar Exploration Strategy Workshop at the Reagan Center, April 25-28, where the initial themes for NASA’s Vision for Exploration were first developed.
Established and led interagency, interdisciplinary NASA team for analog missions planning and program development. This team began developing a coherent structure for using earth-based analogs to learn, test, train, and inspire in preparation for planetary exploration. Supervised the creation of an analogs database and organized an analogs workshop.
Conducted experiments in electrodynamics and electrostatic charging of suspended dust in the Atacama Desert, Chile, as an analog for Mars. Collected and documented regolith samples to be used by spacecraft design teams in Mars (Phoenix and MSL) instrument design. Served and led multiple strategic planning teams (e.g. the Human Precursor Science Analysis Group for the Mars Exploration Program Assessment Group (MEPAG)) for lunar and Mars exploration and requirements definition. Co-investigator on the Diviner instrument team on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Designed and led an extra-solar planets exhibits for education and outreach at the Goddard Visitor’s Center.
Exploration strategic planner
NASA Headquarters
Jan 2005 - Nov 2005
Washington D.C. Metro Area
Established the first joint SMD/ESMD Analog Missions task. Defined charter and deliverables of initial study, including the development of a database, the organization of a workshop, and initial funding for selected field deployments as pilot projects.
Represented scientific interests in early development of lunar and Mars exploration requirements. Worked closely with strategic planners in exploration, science, and operations to ensure continuity across disciplines and to identify mutually beneficial strategies for exploration.
Evaluated education and outreach proposals for funding.
Space Scientist (AST, Planetary Studies)
NASA Johnson Space Center
Jun 2003 - Jan 2005
Houston, TX
Designed and led the NASA Oceanographic Analog Missions Activity (NOAMA), a large interdisciplinary science expedition to explore the hydrothermal vents in the Atlantic and Pacific mid-oceanic ridges. Worked as astronaut proxy in this simulation. This project involved several different teams of scientists and engineers from JSC to Australia. The project simulated end-to-end planetary sample return using humans and robotics. Four pressurized rovers launching from two ships, simulating pressurized rovers on another planetary surface, collected samples over the period of two months. Science teams on Earth sent sample identification, acquisition, and documentation protocols to astronauts on the ship, simulating a planetary surface lab. This work was done in the context of the filming of a large-budget 3D IMAX movie directed by James Cameron. The resulting film, “Aliens of the Deep,” was shown in theaters beginning in 2005. Following the initial deployment, I accompanied the samples collected for the Australian Centre for Astrobiology to Sydney and spent a month assisting in the identification, documentation, and analysis of the samples.
I am writing a book describing this deployment as an analog for planetary exploration. Data collected on this mission is still being analyzed.
Aerospace Engineer (AST)
NASA Johnson Space Center
Jun 2001 - Jun 2003
Houston, TX
Worked on detail from NASA Ames in “the swamp” in the legendary Exploration Office at JSC, whose original dwellers are now scattered to various places within Constellation. Enjoyed participating in projects like trade studies to determine relative risk of sample return using the space shuttle versus direct to Earth return. Designed and conducted several field deployments (desert southwest and the Canadian Arctic) to study crew scheduling, science operations, science backroom activities, and field geology traverse planning.
As Global Co-Chair of the Space Generation Advisory Council, organized and led the Space Generation Symposium at World Space Congress.
Represented the Space Generation Advisory Council at the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Promoted the use of space resources for sustainable development, education, and the betterment of mankind.
Traveled to Japan to do a speaking tour on “The Mystery of Space and Man.”
Aerospace Engineer, AST
NASA Ames Research Center
Jun 1999 - Jun 2001
Mountain View, CA
Managed and deployed the 1999 Haughton Mars Project. Coordinated logistics and science planning for 145 people, including 17 press crews, construction teams for the Mars Society’s FMARS habitat construction project, and scientists and roboticists from 25 different institutions. Spent 1.4 months in the Canadian Arctic as project manager, supervising and documenting activities.
Continued Ph.D. research 10% of the time – computational radiative transfer of suspended Mars dust to determine the optical properties of the dust. Optical constants were then used in dynamic models of the Mars atmosphere, particularly important in atmospheric entry or aerobraking at Mars.
Served in global leadership position after organizing and leading a two week United Nations conference called the Space Generation Forum in Vienna, July 1999. Founded and served as initial Global Co-Chair of the Space Generation Advisory Council, a global organization of young space professionals established to increase the participation of young people in international space activities.
Aerospace Engineer
Orbital Sciences Corporation
Aug 1998 - Jun 1999
Mountain View, CA
Research assistant at NASA – projects related to heat transfer and thermal protection systems on the space shuttle, astronomy from the international space station, mars science and exploration – design of mars instruments, analysis of mars instrument data, remote sensing, geomorphology, astrobiology, and field analogs.
Research and Teaching Assistant
Stanford University
Oct 1991 - Jun 1998
Palo Alto, CA
Analytical and computational modeling of Mars atmospheric dust using radiative transfer techniques, co-editing of technical book “Strategies for Mars; thermal modeling, design, and experimental testing of spacecraft thermal protection systems, strategic planning for Mars exploration, theoretical analysis of cooling and heating on Mars, experimental space suit joint design, theoretical modeling and experimental testing of physical/biological oceanographic phenomena (phytoplankton and fluid dynamics)
Also, additional research and analysis in fluid dynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, spacecraft design, mission design and analysis, orbital mechanics, space suit glove design. Taught courses in structural composites and atmospheric entry. Auditioned successfully for and joined Stanford Taiko 1995-1998, a performing group requiring 30+ hours of rehearsing and performing per week.
Piano Teacher
Self Employed
Sep 1988 - Sep 1991
Los Angeles, CA
Taught private piano lessons to children aged 3-16 in their homes (greater Los Angeles Area).
Aerospace Engineering Co-op Student
The Aerospace Corporation
Jan 1990 - Aug 1991
El Segundo, CA
Analyzed rocket tank structures using PATRAN and NASTRAN codes.
Music Teacher
More than Music for Children
Oct 1988 - Mar 1991
Los Angeles, CA
Taught music to classes of children aged 1.5yrs – 3yrs and 3yrs-5yrs. Also provided music and art classes for birthday parties.
Standford University
PH.D., Aeronautics and Astronautics
1991 - 1999
Grade: Magna cum Laude
Activities and societies: Stanford Taiko, Stanford Baha'i Association
Atmospheric space physics, analysis of structures, fluid mechanics, mathematics of mechancial engineering, life in space, applied aerodynamics, rocket propulsion, space systems engineering, mathematical methods, aerodynamic design, compressible fluid dynamics, musical acoustics, studies in electrical engineering, orthpaedic biomechanics, jazz theory, chamber music, introduction to hypersonic aerophysics, spacecraft design, feedback and control design, scuba – open water, atmospheric entry, statistics, classical dynamics, aircraft propulsion, vector analysis, electronics lab, composites, stochastic processes, intro to turbulence, radiative heat transfer. Stanford Taiko
Berklee College of Music
Music Production (online certificate program)
2006 - 2010
Relevant Coursework, Licensures and Certifications:
Masters in Production Certificate pending completion of final Film Scoring course in that program. Completed the following coursework: Producing Using Pro Tools, Producing using Reason, Producing using Ableton Life, Critical Listening, Sound Design for the Electronic Musician, Mixing and Mastering using Pro Tools, Desktop Music Production for Mac
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Visiting Scientist, Data Sonification, Digital Fabrication
2008 - 2009
Activities and societies: How to Make Almost Anything, Fab Lab
Courses on How to Make Almost Anything (CNC milling, 3D scanning, modeling, printing, microcontroller programming, circuit design and fabrication, sensor design and fabrication, python programming, moulding and casting, etc.), New Musical Interfaces, Tangible Media, New Media Performance, programming, and mathematics
International Space University
SSP, Summer Program in Space Studies
1996 - 1996
Vienna, Austria – Focus: Space and Society. Major course project in Space Telemedicine
University of Southern California
BS, Aerospace Engineering 1988 - 1991
Grade: Summa Cum Laude
Activities and societies: Tau Beta Pi, Engineering Student Government
mathematics of physics and engineering – calculus, differential equations, linear algebra, physics, aerospace structures, aircraft design, aerodynamics, fluid dynamics, mechanics of flight, thermodynamics, computer aided design (CAD), propulsion, dynamics and control, astronautics, music history, geography, materials science, english literature. Engineering Student Body President, Tau Beta Pi, Society of Women Engineers
University of Colorado Boulder
Aerospace Engineering
1987 - 1988
Grade: A
Freshman year only before transferring to USC. (Calculus, aircraft design, physics, etc.). Orchestra (oboe)
Centaurus High School
Diploma, General
1986 - 1987
Activities and societies: Valedictorian
Senior Year. Honor Society, Band, Speech and Debate Team, School Play
Delta High School
1983 - 1986
Freshman-Junior years
Luke Slott - Various Albums
Bandcamp
2018 - 2022
Credits: Mixing, Editing, Additional Production, Recording, Engineering, Arranging, Composition, Layering, Creative Production, Piano, Rhodes, Sampling, Vocals
Albums: This is the Day, Home of Light, Blessed is the Spot, Gate of Heaven, Tablet of the Wondrous Maiden, Year of the Nightingale
Ramine Yazhari 'Excellence'
Bandcamp
2022
Credits: Mixing, Recording, Production
Kelsey Bulkin 'Hear Me Beloved'
Bandcamp
2022
Credits: Mixing, Additional Production
Forgetting's Remembrance
IMDB
2021
Credits: Music Production, Recording, Mixing
Liquid Science: That's Genius
IMDB
2017
Credits: Co-director, Mi.Mu Gloves
Imogen Heap 'Sparks'
All Music
2014
Credits: Design, Engineer, Field Recording, Mixing, Pro-Tools, Studio Manager, Technical Manager, Technician
Aliens of the Deep
IMDB
2005
Credits: Additional Crew - NASA
#MTFLabs: Blockchain
Music Tech Fest Website
Aug 23, 2016
In late May of 2016, a diverse group of experts met at #MTFBerlin, to participate in a laboratory in which they would experiment, test ideas and explore how blockchain technology could be developed and applied in ways that might improve the music industries. It soon became apparent that before improvements could be attempted, first there must be agreement what would constitute an “improvement”. After many long discussions and disagreements, the group arrived at a number of more specific and fundamental questions, as well as a clearer picture of blockchain technology and its limitations, and a mapping of the benefits and drawbacks that an actual implementation would mean among industry players, stakeholders and participants.
Platform options of free-flying satellites, UAVs or the International Space Station for remote sensing assessment of the littoral zone
International Journal of Remote Sensing
Nov 26, 2010
Over the years, making or creating a choice for a specific platform from which to conduct remote sensing observations of specific targets brings in many factors related to the target characteristics and how the data are going to be used. Attempts to measure Earth’s diverse objects have generated a wide range of platform alternatives, from geostationary satellites to low-flying aircraft. Now several additional options possessing unique attributes are available: the International Space Station (ISS) and Un-inhabited Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This paper explores some of the tradeoffs among these alternatives for the special problem of remotely sensing the littoral zone, but especially the shallow ecosystems. Though the surface area of the littoral zone is relatively large, it is geographically disbursed and somewhat linear. Also, the spatial, spectral and temporal variability of ecosystems in this zone is very high, and signals are masked by the overlying water column. Ideally, a frequent revisit time would be desirable to monitor their health and changing condition. These characteristics place important constraints on platform choice as one tries to design a system to monitor these critical ecosystems and provide useful information for managing them. This paper discusses these tradeoff issues as offered mainly by three platform choices: free-flying satellites, ISS, UAVs and other aircraft.
Diviner lunar radiometer observations of cold traps in the Moon's south polar region
Science
Oct 22, 2010
Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment surface-temperature maps reveal the existence of widespread surface and near-surface cryogenic regions that extend beyond the boundaries of persistent shadow. The Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) struck one of the coldest of these regions, where subsurface temperatures are estimated to be 38 kelvin. Large areas of the lunar polar regions are currently cold enough to cold-trap water ice as well as a range of both more volatile and less volatile species. The diverse mixture of water and high-volatility compounds detected in the LCROSS ejecta plume is strong evidence for the impact delivery and cold-trapping of volatiles derived from primitive outer solar system bodies.
Versum: Data Sonification and Visualization in 3D
Georgia Institute of Technology
Jun 1, 2010
Versum is an advanced, interactive 3D audiovisual composition environment which is augmented with a hardware and software front-end system that maps data into the environment for the purposes of exploratory scientific analysis. Originally intended as an audiovisual sequencer for real-time or automatable music and video performance, Versum also provides a unique environment for systematically investigating new data mappings for optimized human cognition of complex datasets.
Integrated Mission Simulation Design using Analogues for Science-driven Geological and Biological Planetary Exploration with Humans and Robots, The Geology of Mars, Ed. Mary Chapman
Cambridge University Press
Jan 1, 2007
An analysis of the precursor measurements of Mars needed to reduce the risk of the first human missions to Mars
NASA White Paper
Jun 1, 2005
The Mars Human Precursor Science Steering Group was chartered by MEPAG in June 2004 to analyze the priorities for precursor investigations, measurements, and technology/infrastructure demonstrations that would have a significant effect on the cost and risk of the first human mission to Mars. Based on this analysis, the MHP SSG proposes the following revised phrasing for MEPAG’s Goal IV, Objective A, and within it the investigations that follow (in priority order). The measurements needed to carry out these investigations are described in the subsequent sections of this white paper.
Lunar Surface Reference Missions: A Description of Human and Robotic Surface Activities
NASA White Paper
Jul 1, 2003
Most medical equipment to the International Space Station (ISS) is manisfested as part of the U.S. or the Russian medical hardware systems. However, certain medical hardware is also available as part of the Human Research Facility. The HRF and the JSC Medical Operations Branch established a Memorandum of Agreement for joint use of certain medical hardware, including the HRF ultrasound system, the only diagnostic imaging device currently manifested to fly on ISS. The outcome of a medical contingency may be changed drastically, or an unnecessary evacuation may be prevented, if clinical decisions are supported by timely and objective diagnostic information. In many higher-probability medical scenarios, diagnostic ultrasound is a first-choice modality or provides significant diagnostic information. Accordingly, the Clinical Care Capability Development Project is evaluating the HRF ultrasound system for its utility in relevant clinical siruations on board ISS. For effective management of these ultrasound-supported ISS medical scenarios, the resulting data should be available for viewing and interpretation on the ground, and bidirectional voice communication should be readily available to allow ground experts (sonographers, physicians) to provide guidance to the Crew Medical Officer. It may also be vitally important to have the capability of real-time guidance via video uplink to the CMO-opertor during an exam to facilitate the diagnosis in a timely fashion.
The ultraviolet environment of Mars: biological implications past, present, and future
Icarus
Aug 1, 2000
A radiative transfer model is used to quantitatively investigate aspects of the martian ultraviolet radiation environment, past and present. Biological action spectra for DNA inactivation and chloroplast (photosystem) inhibition are used to estimate biologically effective irradiances for the martian surface under cloudless skies. Over time Mars has probably experienced an increasingly inhospitable photobiological environment, with present instantaneous DNA weighted irradiances 3.5-fold higher than they may have been on early Mars. This is in contrast to the surface of Earth, which experienced an ozone amelioration of the photobiological environment during the Proterozoic and now has DNA weighted irradiances almost three orders of magnitude lower than early Earth. Although the present-day martian UV flux is similar to that of early Earth and thus may not be a critical limitation to life in the evolutionary context, it is a constraint to an unadapted biota and will rapidly kill spacecraft-borne microbes not covered by a martian dust layer. Microbial strategies for protection against UV radiation are considered in the light of martian photobiological calculations, past and present. Data are also presented for the effects of hypothetical planetary atmospheric manipulations on the martian UV radiation environment with estimates of the biological consequences of such manipulations.
Optical properties and radiative heating effects of dust suspended in the Mars atmosphere
Stanford University
Nov 30, 1999
Vienna Declaration on Space and Human Development
United Nations
Jul 30, 1999
A blueprint for the peaceful uses of outer space in the twenty-first century was adopted today as the Third United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNISPACE III) concluded this afternoon in Vienna.
The adoption of the Vienna Declaration on Space and Human Development and its related Action Plan was the culmination of the two-week session — the first United Nations space conference since the end of the Cold War — in which international experts and decision makers came together to exchange information and ideas on how to advance the human condition in the next millennium. Focused on the theme of “Space Benefits for Humanity in the Twenty-first Century”, representatives of governments, intergovernmental bodies, civil society and, for the first time, the private sector, created a practical framework for cooperation and action to protect planet Earth and prepare for the “space millennium”.
Outpost Science and Exploration Working Group
NASA
Overview of the work of the interdisciplinary “Outpost Science and Exploration Working Group” across NASA and the scientific community